Kirkpatrick’s Four Levels Of Training Evaluation Model: Purpose Explained

Kirkpatrick’s Four Levels of Training Evaluation Model is a widely used framework for assessing the effectiveness and impact of training programs.

Donald L. Kirkpatrick’s model offers a systematic approach to evaluating training initiatives at four distinct levels.

These levels progressively measure the success of training in terms of participant reactions, learning outcomes, behavior changes, and business results.

Here’s a detailed guide on how to use Kirkpatrick’s Four Levels of Training Evaluation Model:

Level 1: Reaction

Purpose: The first level of evaluation aims to gauge participants’ immediate reactions to the training program. It assesses their satisfaction, engagement, and perception of the training.

Data Collection: To gather data at this level, you can use various methods:

Post-training surveys: Create questionnaires to collect participants’ feedback on the training experience, including the quality of content, facilitator effectiveness, and overall satisfaction.

Focus groups or interviews: Conduct discussions or one-on-one interviews to delve deeper into participants’ opinions and gain valuable qualitative insights.

Analysis and Action: Analyze the feedback to identify patterns and common themes. Look for both positive and negative aspects of the training. Based on the findings, take appropriate actions to address shortcomings and improve future training sessions.

Level 2: Learning

1. Purpose: The second level evaluates how participants acquired knowledge and skills from the training.
2. Pre- and Post-Tests: Administer pre-training assessments to measure the participants’ baseline knowledge. After the training, conduct post-tests to measure the knowledge gained and skills acquired during the program.
3. Performance Assessments: In some cases, direct observation or practical assessments may be necessary to evaluate the participants’ application of newly acquired knowledge and skills.
4. Analysis and Action: Compare the pre- and post-training test scores to determine the effectiveness of the training in terms of learning outcomes. If there are knowledge gaps, identify the areas needing improvement and provide additional support or training.

Level 3: Behavior

1. Purpose: The third level assesses the application of knowledge and skills acquired in the training in the participants’ workplace. This involves aligning corporate training with business outcomes.
2. Observation and Performance Data: Observe participants in real work situations to evaluate their application of training outcomes. Collect relevant performance data to measure changes in behavior or work practices.
3. Surveys and Feedback: Seek feedback from supervisors, peers, or subordinates to understand whether participants’ behaviors have changed positively post-training. We frequently hear this from clients looking for leadership training courses.
4. Analysis and Action: Analyze the data collected to assess the training’s impact on participants’ workplace behavior. Identify any barriers or challenges they may face in applying the training and provide additional support, coaching, or resources to reinforce learning and encourage desired behavior changes.

Level 4: Results

1. Purpose: The fourth level examines the broader organizational impact of the training on key performance indicators and business goals.
2. Data Collection: Collect data on relevant business metrics and performance indicators targeted for improvement through the training program.
3. Comparison and Analysis: Compare pre-training and post-training performance data to quantify the training’s impact on business results.
4. Other Factors: Consider other factors that may have influenced the business results to isolate the training’s actual impact.
5. ROI Calculation: If possible, calculate the Return on Investment (ROI) for the training program by comparing the cost of the training to the benefits realized in terms of improved business outcomes.
6. Action and Recommendations: Based on the analysis, identify areas of success and areas for improvement. Use the results to make informed decisions about future training investments and strategies.

General Tips and Best Practices:

1. Plan Ahead: Incorporate evaluation efforts into the training program design. Clearly define evaluation objectives and metrics for each level.
2. Use a Mix of Evaluation Methods: To gain comprehensive insights, employ various data collection methods, including surveys, interviews, observations, and performance data.
3. Collect Data at Different Time Points: Data collection doesn’t end with the training; information is gathered at regular intervals post-training to assess the long-term impact.
4. Engage Stakeholders: Involve participants, supervisors, and other relevant stakeholders throughout the evaluation process to ensure a holistic view of the training’s effectiveness.
5. Continuous Improvement: Use evaluation results to improve training programs, making them more relevant and impactful.
6. Communicate Findings: Share evaluation findings and recommendations with key stakeholders, showcasing the training program’s value and ROI.

Remember that while Kirkpatrick’s model provides a structured framework, the evaluation process should be tailored to each training program’s specific context and objectives.

Effective corporate trainers utilize the data gathered to drive improvements and demonstrate the importance of investing in effective training initiatives.

Catherine Fitzgerald B.A. M.A. PGDip( Founder )

With 30+ years of training experience, I founded Oak Innovation (oakinnovation.com) in 1995. I help busy training professionals and business managers deliver better training courses in less time by giving them instant access to editable training course material. I received my Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees from University College Cork. I hold qualifications in Professional Development And Training from University College Galway. Clients include Apple, Time Warner, and Harvard University.