Fishbone Analysis, or Ishikawa or Cause-and-Effect Analysis, is a problem-solving technique used to identify and understand the root causes of a particular issue or problem.
The analysis takes its name from its visual representation, which resembles a fish’s skeletal structure.
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This guide will walk you through completing a Fishbone Analysis effectively.
Step 1: Define the Problem
Clearly state the problem you want to analyze. Make sure the problem is specific, measurable, and well-defined. For example, “Decreasing sales in Product X” or “Increasing customer complaints about Service Y.”
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Step 2: Identify the Categories
Create the fishbone diagram by drawing a horizontal line across the center of the page and drawing a horizontal arrow pointing to the right.
This arrow represents the backbone of the fish.
Next, draw several diagonal lines stemming from the backbone, like the bones of the fish, to create branches.
Label each branch with a category related to the problem.
Common categories include:
- People: Human factors include skills, knowledge, communication, training, and motivation.
- Process: Procedures, methods, and workflow related to the problem.
- Equipment: Tools, machines, technology, and other physical resources.
- Materials: Raw materials, supplies, and substances used in the process.
- Environment: External factors like temperature, humidity, or other physical surroundings.
- Management: Leadership, decision-making, policies, and organizational culture.
Step 3: Brainstorm Potential Causes
Now, gather a cross-functional team of individuals who know about the problem.
Encourage brainstorming and write down potential causes within each category.
Use brainstorming techniques to ensure a comprehensive list.
Step 4: Analyze and Refine Causes
Review the list of potential causes and combine duplicate or similar items.
Discuss and analyze each cause to determine its relevance and impact on the problem.
You may need to ask “why” multiple times to dig deeper into the root cause.
Step 5: Determine Root Causes
Identify the root causes and the fundamental reasons behind the problem.
These root causes, if addressed, will have the most significant impact on solving the issue.
Step 6: Identify Solutions
Once you have identified the root causes, brainstorm solutions or actions to address each root cause.
Try to find practical and actionable steps that can be implemented to resolve the problem.
Step 7: Implement and Monitor
Please select the most feasible solutions and create an action plan for their implementation.
Assign responsibilities to team members and set a timeline for completion.
Monitor the progress of the implemented solutions and make adjustments as needed.
Tips for Fishbone Analysis:
- Involve diverse people with different perspectives and expertise to get a comprehensive view of the problem.
- Encourage an open and non-judgmental environment during brainstorming sessions.
- Be as specific as possible when identifying causes and root causes.
- Use data and evidence to support the causes whenever possible.
- Focus on addressing root causes rather than just the symptoms of the problem.
Fishbone Analysis can be a powerful tool for understanding complex issues and making informed decisions. It helps teams work collaboratively and systematically to find effective solutions.
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With 30+ years of experience, Catherine Fitzgerald, B.A., M.A., PGDip, founded Oak Innovation in 1995. Catherine received her Bachelor’s degree and Master’s from University College Cork. She holds qualifications in Professional Development And Training from University College Galway. She is completing a second Master’s from University College Cork. Since 1995, clients include Apple, Time Warner, and Harvard University.